WebJul 23, 2003 · 1. Introduction [2] Previous studies have determined ∇·j in the ionosphere and the formation of Birkeland currents j ∥ at the ionospheric ends of field lines. In this paper we use data from the Geotail satellite to carry out a 3-D analysis of currents within the plasma sheet. The goal is to examine the formation of j ∥ at the high-altitude ends of … A Birkeland current (also known as field-aligned current) is a set of electrical currents that flow along geomagnetic field lines connecting the Earth's magnetosphere to the Earth's high latitude ionosphere. In the Earth's magnetosphere, the currents are driven by the solar wind and … See more Auroral Birkeland currents carry about 100,000 amperes during quiet times and more than 1 million amperes during geomagnetically disturbed times. Birkeland had estimated currents "at heights of several … See more Auroral Birkeland currents are constrained along the geomagnetic field. Therefore, the current’s distribution in 3-dimensional space could be largely described using the 2-dimensional distribution of the current’s footprints at a given altitude in the ionosphere, e.g., … See more • Electromagnetism • Magnetohydrodynamics • Bursty bulk flows another name for similar phenomena (discontinuous sudden flows as in Aurorae) See more • Plasma fibres and Walls • Electric Currents and Transmission Lines in Space • Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Lab. Global Birkeland Currents See more After Kristian Birkeland first suggested in 1908 that "currents there [in the aurora] are imagined as having come into existence mainly as a secondary effect of the electric corpuscles from the sun drawn in out of space," the story appears to have become mired in … See more Books • Egeland, Alv, Burke, William J.,(2005), Kristian Birkeland, The First Space Scientist , Springer pp. 221, ISBN 1-4020-3293-5 • Peratt, Anthony (1992), Physics of the Plasma Universe, Birkeland Currents in Cosmic Plasma … See more
Birkeland Currents: Present Understanding and Some Remaining …
WebFeb 1, 2001 · Birkeland Current. Birkeland currents, that connect the magnetospheric particle distribution to the ionosphere, are calculated from the Vasyliũnas equation … Webexplain quick Star- and Galaxy formation, by Birkeland Currents and so called Alfven Circuits. However, smaller ( new paradigm) Black holes (created by magnetic interference and Radio Frequency currents) are supposed to be responsible for Sunspots, micro-Comets, Ball Lightning and even as multiple so called Quantum Knots inside Plasma … solo wayrest sewers 2
Kristian Birkeland: The first space scientist - ScienceDirect
WebOct 6, 2014 · Observing the Birkeland currents. Date: October 6, 2014. Source: Wiley. Summary: When the supersonic solar wind hits the Earth's magnetic field, a powerful … WebApr 11, 2024 · This aligns with the ever-growing interdisciplinary approach to space physics. Electric Currents in Geospace and Beyond, 2024, 568 pp., ISBN: 978-1-119-32449-2, list price $249.95 (hardcover ... WebKristian Birkeland In the early 1900's the Norwegian physicist Kristian Birkeland took expeditions into the Arctic Circle to study the Aurora. He found that magnetometers … small black crosshair